What is it?
A Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) is a large cyst from a cleft in the pituitary gland that remains as the Rathke's pouch, a normal part of embryological development that forms the pituitary gland, doesn't close during early fetal stages. They are non-cancerous growths that can interfere with normal pituitary actions and are often mistaken as tumors on an MRI. They are most commonly recognized in adults, but are also seen in childhood. These cysts are rare lesions that make up less than 1% of all primary brain masses.
What are some symptoms?
Rathke's cleft cysts are usually occur without symptoms and are incidentally discovered by an autopsy or MRI scan. When symptoms of these cysts do occur, they are usually ones of headaches and visual disturbances. Symptoms that the pituitary is not functioning right include: growth problems, delayed puberty, loss of libido, menstrual irregularities, fatigue, personality changes, and irregular blood pressure. Some other signs are dry skin, consitpation, nausea, and excessive thirst.
How is it treated?
Rathke's cleft cysts are diagnosed usually by MRI imaging and sometimes CT scanning. People with symptomatic cysts primarily opt for surgical removal. The surgeon tries to remove the cyst completely without impairing normal pituitary gland and brain function. One way to remove the cyst is through the nasal sinuses, also called transsphenoidal. If the cyst is located above the pituitary gland, the surgeon will probably have to go in through the skull. Once surgical treatment has been given the likelihood of recurrence is very low, but if the cyst cannot be completely removed physicians sometimes advise radiation treatment.
References:
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